The Medical Term For A Breast Augmentation Essay - 1233 Words

An augmentation mammoplasty is the medical term for a breast augmentation. A breast augmentation is a surgical procedure that uses breast implants as a means to increase the size of the breasts. Many women choose to have a breast augmentation to restore volume to their breasts following significant weight loss and/or pregnancy. An augmentation can also be used to improve the symmetry of uneven breasts. In addition, breast implants are frequently used to reconstruct the breasts following a mastectomy or injury. Types of Breast Implants Available in Miami There are two types of breast implants that Dr. Sam Gershenbaum uses at his practice in Miami; saline and form-stable silicone (aka Gummy Bear Implants). Dr. Sam Gershenbaum assists his patients in determining which type of breast implant will provide the optimal results. Saline Implants A saline implant consists of an outer silicone shell and sterile saltwater (i.e., saline). Advantages of saline breast implants: Implants are filled after they are inserted; therefore, adjusting the size is simple. Saline is simply sterile saltwater; consequently, it is non-toxic to the body. In the event of an implant leak, health concerns are minimal. When compared to silicone implants, saline implants are a more economical option. Gummy Bear Breast Implants Gummy bear implants consist of a silicone outer shell filled with a form-stable silicone. Form-stable silicone implants have a consistency resembling that of a gummyShow MoreRelated Breast Implants in Teenagers Essays568 Words   |  3 Pagesof young girls is to get breast augmentation. They think that by changing their bodies, they’re going to change their lives. They think they will be happy, and they will be completely satisfied with their implants. Their expectation is that their self-confidence will skyrocket, and they will be attractive girls. Many young girls get implants to make themselves stand out more and to have a great appearance, but there are many reasons that they should comprehend the long-term effect of surgery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  FirstRead MoreCosmetic Surgery Of Breast Augmentation1526 Words   |  7 PagesBreast Augmentation Today, more and more women think about cosmetic surgery to make their bodies look perfect. The most popular kind of plastic surgery is breast augmentation. Some women want to enlarge their breasts; the others wish to correct their sagging bust, and they go to a surgeon and ask him or her to change their body. A short-term effect of such operation is full satisfaction with the new appearance and improvement of sexual life. Women often feel excited and think that their life willRead More Breast Implants, Breast Augmentation, and American Culture Essay1155 Words   |  5 PagesBreast Implants, Breast Augmentation, and American Culture Breast augmentation is rapidly becoming a common procedure among women in the United States. Shows detailing the surgery on TV station such as MTV and VH1 show mothers and their daughters getting implants together and teenage girls thrilled with their new 34-D chests. What most of these shows dont mention are the possible risks and painful recovery that come with the procedure. That breast implants are becoming more and more an acceptedRead MoreCosmetic Surgery for Teens857 Words   |  4 PagesReview of the Literature Of the 223,000 cosmetic surgeries in 2003 on patients who were 18 years old or younger, 39,000 of them were breast augmentation, nose reshaping, and liposuction. Many parents are giving their teenage daughters breast implants for gifts. However, parents and teens do not take into consideration that teens bodies are still developing (Zuckerman, 2005). As the adolescents body grows, body parts that seem to large or too small can become proportionate (Izenberg, 2004).Read MoreWhy Cosmetic Surgery Improves Mental Health1689 Words   |  7 Pagespsychological state. Studies done in the past have shown variable results. Several studies done have mainly looked at breast reduction. Only a few studies have examined postoperative changes in other cosmetic surgery procedures or have looked a several surgery types. There has been evidence suggesting that body image evaluation improves after breast reduction and augmentation surgery. In another study, results showed no significant improvement with cosmetic surgery. One reason explaining thisRead MoreOutline On The Perils Of Cosmetic Surgery Essay1173 Words   |  5 Pagesprocedures were performed in the U.S. in 2015, with the five most common surgeries being breast augmentation, nose reshaping, eyelid surgery, liposuction and tummy tuck (â€Å"Plastic Surgery Procedures†). 2. In Asia, cosmetic surgery has become more popular, and countries such as China, India and Thailand have become some of the main cosmetic surgery markets in Asia, in particular for â€Å"affordable breast augmentation and sex reassignment surgery, with international patients coming from Australia, EuropeRead MoreCosmetic Surgery Should Be Banned1167 Words   |  5 Pagesconsider certain procedures including nose reshaping, breast lifts, breast augmentation, liposuction, and tummy tucks. A few studies have been conducted to examine the risks for teens of these increasingly common procedures. Cosmetic surgery in teens is extremely concerning as they are still maturing and developing. In fact the average girl gains weight between the ages of 18 and 21, which is likely to change her desire or need for breast augmentation as well as liposuction. Yes, parents can give consentRead MoreThe Treatment Of Breast Implants Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pages Breast Implants In recent years, the demand for this ‘appearance medicine’ has increased rapidly, largely in response to unrealistic media images of ‘perfect’ faces and bodies alike. In Aotearoa New Zealand, doctors who are not qualified as surgeons may perform cosmetic procedures, including invasive surgery. As with any form of major surgery, there are certain risks and side effects linked with cosmetic surgery and variations betweenRead MoreSpeech Outline On The Perils Of Cosmetic Surgery Essay1230 Words   |  5 Pagesprocedures were performed in the U.S. in 2015, with the five most common surgeries being breast augmentation, nose reshaping, eyelid surgery, liposuction and tummy tuck (â€Å"Plastic Surgery Procedures†). 2. In Asia, cosmetic surgery has become more popular, and countries such as China, India and Thailand have become some of the main cosmetic surgery markets in Asia, in particular for â€Å"affordable breast augmentation and sex reassignment surgery, with international patients coming from Australia, EuropeRead MoreFocus On Face And Fat Revealed In New Plastic Surgery Case Study835 Words   |  4 Pagesharvest the patients fat from unwanted areas to be used to inject it to rejuvenate and lift other body parts like the face, breasts and buttock. Since the patients own fat is used, the results last longer than the fillers that are usually used. †¢ Minimally intrusive cosmetic body fat injections rose 13% †¢ Buttock enhancement making use of body fat grafting grew 26% †¢ Breast alterations by utilizing fat grafting increased 72% More modern, non-intrusive fat decreasing and skin tightening methods are

Essay Women as a Minority Group - 1265 Words

Women as a Minority Group nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Women have been discriminated against since the beginning of time, as early as the first people, Adam and Eve. Eve was called the evil one, who ate fruit from the tree of knowledge. Once she had the knowledge to know right from wrong, she chose to do wrong and give the fruit to Adam. Examples like these can be shown all over history books, in stories, tales and legends across the entire world. Women have been subordinate to men in virtually all societies throughout history. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The ideology that one sex is superior to the other is called sexism. The presumption of male sexism led to patterns of prejudice and discrimination against women. These prejudices†¦show more content†¦Stereotypical activities, like boys creating things or earning money, and girls shopping, cooking, and sewing, existed in each and every textbook. In all standard English, male pronouns are used to describe a hypothetical individual no matter what the actual gender of the person may be. Although many of these stereotypical portrayals have been removed through court cases and pressure on publishers, there are still problems today. Sexual bias still remains in schools today, even though there has been a great many changes in the past 20 years. Girls enter school in the first grade with the same skills and ambitions as boys, if not more, but classroom sexist conditioning results in lower self-confidence and aspirations by the time they graduate from high school. Even though, two out of every three teachers may be women, they tend to favor sexual stereotypes, recalling more positively the assertive male students while liking least the assertive females. Teachers call on boys more often, give them more detailed criticism, and praise the intellectual content of boys’ work more then girls’ work, while more likely praising girls for their neatness. Teachers also allow boys to shout out answers and take risks, but they reprimand girls who do the same thing for rudeness. Additionally, few educators encourage girls to pursue careers in math or science. Employment is another social indicator that helps to showShow MoreRelatedWomen And Minority Groups During The Civil Rights Initiative907 Words   |  4 Pages Women and minority groups in particular fields have been disadvantaged since there has been a discrimination against them few years ago. Especially in the work fields, an issue regarding inequality in public contracting, specifically in bidding, becomes a current debate among workers. Since San Francisco allowed the city authorities to treat its bidding process differently though the San Francisco’s Public Contracting, cities that intended to eliminate such inequality might have failed. This policyRead MoreAffirmative Action And Discrimination Against Women And Minority Groups1386 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities. By definition seems to explain affirmative action and to help subsidize for past discrimination. A ffirmative action has foremost affects in college admissions and employment. Especially, in employment more qualified women applicants are hired solely in the fact that they are members of a minority group. The Women’s Movement has fought for the equality of women and I intend to showRead MoreThe Affirmative Action Act : An Outcome Of Minority Groups And Women2215 Words   |  9 PagesThe Affirmative Action Act was created to ensure that minority groups and women were given the same opportunities in education and employment that were traditionally afforded to white males. According to the National Conferences of State Legislatures, affirmative action is, â€Å"†¦an outcome of the 1960’s Civil Rights Movement, intended to provide equal opportunities for members of minority groups and women in education and employment. In 1961, President Kennedy was the first to use the term affirmativeRead MoreThe Muted Group Theory Of The World Of Communication1627 Words   |   7 PagesAbstract Muted Group Theory is essentially one group being subdued from another dominant group. The most prevalent example throughout society has been men and women, men being the dominant figure, and women being mute. The Muted Group Theory is one that explains why women or other minorities feel more constrained and obligated to conform to dominant figures. In the world of communication, men seem to have more influence over women especially in linguistics. Not only is language an important aspectRead MoreThe Plight Of Minority Women1442 Words   |  6 PagesMake sure to elaborate on the victimization of the study LITERATURE REVIEW The Plight Of Minority Battered Women The issues of domestic violence, focusing primarily on black ethnic minority women . To be able to understand the problem of domestic violence, it is vital to recognize that violence toward women is an international reality which has been recognized as a major public health issue (Shipway 2004). According to Shipway 2004, the acknowledgment of domestic violence internationally as aRead MoreDiversity1392 Words   |  6 PagesCreating and Nurturing a Women Minority Friendly Workplace Workplace diversity is a complex issue and addressing it is necessary to have which a competitive advantage in today’s fast-growing economy. While women appear to thrive at entry-level positions, moving up the ladder is challenging. In fact, retaining women and minorities in the workplace has become increasingly harder for large companies, especially healthcare organizations. Despite the clear value of having a diverse workforce, likeRead MoreMuted Group Theory ( Mgt )1593 Words   |  7 Pages Muted Group Theory (MGT) is a critical theory because it is focuses on the power structure and how it is used against certain people and groups. At times, critical theories can divide the powerful and the powerless into a number of different ways. MGT chooses to split the power spectrum into two main categories, men and women. This MGT helps us to understand any groups that are silenced by the lack of power in their language. In dominate groups or activity groups, there are members who have lessRead MoreThe Double Minority in Song of Solomon Essay835 Words   |  4 Pages Typically minority groups are thought of in the context of race; however, a minority group can also consist of gender and class. The struggles facing a minority group complicate further when these different facets of minority categories are combined into what is sometimes called a double minority.   Throughout their writing, African American women have exposed how being a double minority changes the conditions of being a minority. In Toni Morrisons Song of Solomon, the African American femaleRead MoreSocial Injustice: Invisibility and Suppression Among Minorities1254 Words   |  6 Pagesamong minority groups in the United States. The literature provided in the Heath Anthology reflects minority citizens like African Americans, Hispanics, and women. American literature during the 20th century serves as a critical lens to examine the social injustices faced by minority groups. Minority artists use literature to examine and redefine their pre-determined role in society. The critically acclaimed African American scholar, W.E.B. DuBois, contends the strife of minority groups (specificallyRead More Affirmative Action Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesAffirmative Action Affirmative action is a deliberate effort to provide full and equal opportunities in employment, education, and other areas for women, minorities, and individuals belonging to other traditionally disadvantaged groups. As an issue of todays society, affirmative action requires corporations, universities and other organizations to establish programs designed to ensure that all applicants are treated fairly. It also places a burden of proof on the providers of opportunities;

Mandatory Arbitration Discussion Assignment Free Essays

Week 1 Discussion Assignment – 2 Parts Due 11:59pm Friday Part 1  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Choose one part of the assigned textbook question to answer Part 2  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Choose ONE of the options [pic] Part 1 – Choose one part of the assigned textbook question to answer An important concept this week is jurisdiction. As the text explains, a court must have subject matter jurisdiction to hear a case. Subject matter jurisdiction is rather straight forward – the court must have jurisdic tion to hear the particular type of dispute (see my video for further explanation of this concept). We will write a custom essay sample on Mandatory Arbitration: Discussion Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now look at Question 2 (p. 71) and pick either b, c,  or  d to answer. Explain your answer using legal terms and concepts from this week’s readings. (b) Paula, who lives in New York City, wants to sue Dizzy Movie Theatres, whose principal place of business is Dallas. She claims that while she was in Texas on holiday, she was injured by their negligent maintenance of a stairway. She claims damages of $30,000. The general trial court of Texas would have sole jurisdiction. There is no federal court diversity jurisdiction because the amount in dispute is less than $75,000. Top of Form Part 2  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ choose ONE of the options Choice #1 Mandatory Arbitration Read the Mandatory Arbitration section (p. 45) and the supplemental materials provided:  Ã‚  Link to Letter to Congress  and  Arbitration Fairness Act (Proposed), then consider the following hypothetical: Let’s suppose you are the CEO and majority shareholder of FacTree, a small manufacturer of artificial trees and flowers. FacTree has about 100 workers who do the routine assembly work for pay ranging from $8 per hour to $15 per hour. They work in two shifts. There are about a dozen supervisors who versee their work. In the past few years there have been five employment lawsuits: three concerned sexual harassment and two concerned discrimination in promotion. All five settled before trial. For three of the suits the company’s attorney fees were over $50,000 per suit. For one of the claims, the company paid $250,000 in damages to the employee. Consequently, you are considering mandatory ar bitration for all employment disputes. Discuss whether you had ever considered that mandatory arbitration clauses were included in so many of your contracts. Do you agree with imposing theses clauses in so many types of contracts and without negotiation or discussion/notice? Does your opinion differ as the small business owner in the hypothetical above? Explain whether you would or would not impose mandatory arbitration and whether the proposed legislation impacts your decision. Minimum 2 paragraphs. Choice #1 Mandatory Arbitration I was not aware of this term prior to this assignment, now that I’m learning the meaning of the term â€Å"Mandatory Arbitration†, I’m not surprised at all that they are present in so many contracts. Business owners and corporations have the knowledge and know how to always keep the upper hand on consumers. Every contract or agreement that we come across contains sneaky little fine print. CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS GENERALLY PROTECT ONLY AGAINST GOVERNMENTAL ACTS. We’re all guilty of not taking the time to read the fine print. To the point of this hypothetical scenario, although I don’t agree with the concept of Mandatory Arbitration as a private system of justice because it prevents people from exercising their legal right to take a company to court and have their dispute judged on all the available evidence. If I were this CEO, I would use a mandatory arbitration clause as protection for my business. I think the proposed legislation is a fair proposition under the bill, parties involved in a dispute would be allowed a choice between arbitration or a court action when pursuing a complaint. THE CONSTITUION IS A SERIES OF COMPROMISES ABOUT POWER. Choice #2   First Amendment: Free Speech On March 1, 2006, this story appeared in the media: Americans apparently know more about The Simpsons than they do about the First Amendment. Far more Americans can identify Lisa, Marge, Maggie, Homer, and Bart than the First Amendment freedoms. Only one in four Americans can name more than one of the five freedoms guaranteed by the First Amendment (freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition for redress of grievances. )   But more than half can name at least two members of the cartoon family, according to a survey. [1] Considering this and the  Texas  v. Johnson  case (p. 110): General Question:  Ã‚  With whom do you agree? Explain. Questions for those who agree that the First Amendment protects flag burning: †¢ Isn’t it very painful for veterans of foreign wars, some permanently disabled, to see someone burn the flag that they fought for? Did Johnson contribute any valuable ideas when he burned the flag? †¢ If he contributed nothing, why should a state be forced to permit his actions? †¢ If the majority of a state’s citizens want to outlaw flag burning, why shouldn’t they be allowed to? Questions for those who argue that the First Amendment does not protect flag burning: †¢ If a state could outlaw flag burning, could it also outlaw burning a copy of the Constitution? A photograph of the flag? A cross? A photograph of the President? †¢ Even if some people regard the flag as special, why should their opinion be the law of the land? Doesn’t the anger created by flag burning indicate that it is effective speech? Should we outlaw effective speech and permit only speech that offends no one? Minimum 2 paragraphs and incorporate 2 different terms/phrases from this week’s constitutional reading (in all CAPS). [pic] [1]   â€Å"Study: More know ‘The Simpsons’ than First Amendment rights,† The USA Today, Mar 1, 2006 http://www. usatoday. com/news/nation/2006-03-01-freedom-poll_x. htm; Simpsons ‘trump, First Amendment, BBC News, Mar 1, 2006 http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/americas/4761294. stm How to cite Mandatory Arbitration: Discussion Assignment, Essay examples

Critical Approach of Management and Leadership †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Critical Approach of Management and Leadership. Answer: Introduction: Leadership in an organization is the development option to build the organizational performance and extract the best productivity from the teams. Leaders are motivating their employees to do better in the adverse situations. The approaches obtain by the leaders are effective as well as relevant from the perspective of the organization. Critical theory approach is the argumentum review that changes the traditional theory and makes contrast from the existing one. In case of business leadership, some of the complex situations are needed to be handled by the leader and quality analysis and implementation of this process is the main aspect of the organization. As commented by Goetsch Davis (2014), there are some characteristics that leader needs to have like self-awareness, decisiveness, fairness in decision making, enthusiasm, creativity, integrity, endurance and decision making capability is the most concerning factor that leaders will impose in an organization so that better productivity can regain. Through the critical approach of business, leadership is not dynamic in all situations still the development of management structure and organizational behavior has changed through the process. Ensuring the workplace safety and take the decision in the adverse situation is the important responsibility of the leader. On the other hand, Collinson (2014), stated that there are some legal situations also and that operated by the leader only. The training for the development issue is always helpful for the employees. Visionary goal providence is another aspect that leader needs to input the employee and they deliver their best for making a good position in the organization. Transformational leadership theory is applicable in any sort of organization where the relationship between leaders and employees are good and effective. As a result, enough motivation will be gathered and that will impact on the extrinsic and intrinsic situation of the employees. The leader believes in this process has the charismatic personality as well. As opined by Alvesson Spicer (2012), the attributes and sense of the leader are also important and the influence employees to do the better job in their jobs. The job understanding is very good for those leaders and their inter-personal relationship also helps employees to grow. There are some other leadership theories also but an alignment of this theory is perfect with the critical approach of the management. Situational leadership is basically signified as a theory that working on the organizational behavior. Intriguing the right decision at the right situation is the most effective aspect of this kind of leadership genre and that will help the organization by all means. As discussed by Bolden (2016), effective leadership varies in different forms but depending on the situation, leaders have to take their decision, which must be right for the organization. This amount of pressure also prevails over the leader in case of an adverse situation is quite stressful for leader and leaders needs to have this faith and decision making strategy so that performance will improve and enrich in a radical manner. There are some future opportunities for employee engagement and retention of employees will be there and that signifies organizational involvement with their employees. The paper has shed light on the leaders attitude in the organization and the improvement that has come up through their decision-making structure. The paper also delivers the reason behind the sporting organizational where employee and managers relationship is stable and sporty. Critical situational theory approach is the concern matter that provides future opportunities for the organization as well. References Alvesson, M., Spicer, A. (2012). Critical leadership studies: The case for critical performativity.Human relations,65(3), 367-390. Bolden, R. (2016). Leadership, management and organisational development. InGower handbook of leadership and management development(pp. 143-158). Routledge. Collinson, D. (2014). Dichotomies, dialectics and dilemmas: New directions for critical leadership studies?.Leadership,10(1), 36-55. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson.

Loyola and Calvins Beliefs

Calvin believed that salvation of man is predetermined by God only. A human being does not receive salvation based on deeds or piousness. Calvin urged that even before God created the earth he had already elected people who would receive salvation. The people not elected can do nothing to escape the damnation (Robinson 1). On the contrary, Loyola believed that salvation required confession and atonement for sin. Salvation depends on one’s deeds. It can be achieved by practising the spiritual exercises for deliverance from sins.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Loyola and Calvin’s Beliefs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some were drawn to Calvin’s teaching because they felt it was comforting, as they did not have to do anything to earn salvation but hope that God had elected them. Thus, no need to work towards salvation as that is God’s choice (Clendenen and Waggoner 185). On the other hand, people were drawn to Loyola’s teachings because they did not feel hopeless about not having control of their future as they could choose salvation and go to heaven or decline and be damned (Matlak, Randall, McMullin and Royce 1). The beliefs by Loyola seem fair in that one had a free will to choose either to accept salvation or not. It shows that God is fair to all and gives them an equal chance to receive salvation. However, Calvin’s teaching leave me more confused because I cannot understand how God can create some people, elect them for damnation, and give them no chance to escape and give salvation to others for deliverance despite their deeds. Works Cited Clendenen, Ray and Brad Waggoner. Calvinism: A Southern Baptist Dialogue. Nashville, Tennessee: BH Publishing Group, 2008. Matlak, Gabby, Lisa Randall, Stockton McMullin and Pierre Royce. Ignatius of Loyola and the Society of Jesuits. n.d. Web. Robinson, Martha K. â€Å"Calvin, John.† In Mancall, Pet er C., and Gary B. Nash, eds. Encyclopedia of American History: Three Worlds Meet, Beginnings to 1607, Revised Edition (Volume I). New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2010. American History Online. Web. This essay on Loyola and Calvin’s Beliefs was written and submitted by user Eliana U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Waist-to-Hip Ratio Essay Example

Waist Waist-to-Hip Ratio Paper Waist-to-Hip Ratio Paper It can be seen that the relationship is linear between the WHR, i. e. the lower the WHR value the more attractive the image is considered to be. Whereas, the BMI the data is not linearly related and that the lower the BMI score the image seems to be unattractive and the higher the BMI score the image is also considered to be unattractive. As the BMI is not linearly related a quadratic formula had to be used in order to better predict the rating. Therefore the residuals had to be analysed in order to justify this. Graphs 5 and 6 show the distribution of the residuals for the attractiveness rating and the relationship of them with the fitted values, respectively. The residuals were distributed normally and the relationship seemed linear, but seemed to have a high variance. Similarly with the residuals of WHR (graphs 7 and 8), residuals were normally distributed and an approximate linear relationship with the fitted values. However, the residuals for the BMI, although normally distributed (graph 9), did not have a linear relationship with their fitted values (graph 10). So a quadratic formula was used which resulted in a much smoother parabola (graph 11) showing the same relationship from graph 3 but more clearly. As all the residuals were approximately normally distributed regression analysis was valid and applied (table 1) using the quadratic (BMI2) as one of the predictors. This resulted in only just under 30% (R-sq = 29. 0%) of the variance being explained by the three predictors. This was probably due to other contributing factors that were not taken into account during the experiment such as the gender of the subjects, cultural differences e. t. c. An analysis of the variance was applied and resulted in a very highly significant variance ratio (874. 55) suggesting that both the BMI and WHR were significant contributing factors. The first table of best subsets (table 3) shows that the WHR is the more influential of the two factors. However, only 29% of the variance has been explained and this is not much, so could be inaccurate. So, a cubic formula was tried and this resulted in a more accurate regression equation (table 4) and a greater proportion of the variance was explained (46. 4%). The best subsets (table 6) showed that the BMI was the best contributing factor with the WHR second. The analysis of variance (table 5) confirmed that the significance of the two factors in predicting the attractiveness rating had increased (variance ratio = 1390. 05). The same test was done to discover if using a formula with the power 4 would make a more accurate predictor. This was true and R-sq = 48. 8%, so the accuracy was beginning to plateau off at around 50%. The best subsets of the power four attempted, however was impossible to compute as the correlation was too high. Using firstly, the quadratic allowed a relationship between the three values WHR, BMI and attractiveness to be formulated and plotted against one another (graph 12). This shows that the relationship between the BMI and the attractiveness is always curved, however, the height and elevation of the curve always depends upon the WHR. The values are greatest for attractiveness where WHR is high and the BMI is in the middle of the range. This contradicts graph 4 where the lower the WHR the more attractive the image is considered to be. However, graph 4 only takes into account the influence of WHR alone, not the joint influence of both factors together like graph 12. Greater information could be been obtained if the subjects were asked their gender before rating the images. This would have allowed insight into whether males perception of attractiveness if different to that of womens. Also the age of the subjects could have been varied to see if the age of the individual has an affect on their perception of attractiveness. This has been researched by Fallon and Rozin (1989, cited in Singh 1994) as womens perception is thinner than that of mens ideal. This also works the opposite way, as the age and gender of the images could have been varied to see if either one has an effect upon attractiveness. Cultural differences both of the subject and of the image should be investigated. If the culture of the subject influences their perception, or if, for example, the colour of the person in the image matters to the subject. Are coloured people considered to be less, more or indifferent in their attractiveness to other different coloured people? Also, geographical differences, whether the ideal image of attractiveness varies between the populations of different countries. Yu and Shepard (1998, cited in Tovee Cornelissen 1999) have investigated this and among their findings concluded that Americans prefer higher WHRs to the English. Possibly a more important and more interesting factor could be eating disorders and the effect that they have upon the individuals perception of attractiveness. With the medias representation and obsession with supermodels there has been a steady increase of eating disorders among the population. This rise was predicted by the studies of Agras (1987 cited in Morris et al 1989) when the change in the body shape of women began to appear in fashion magazines. To conclude at first the WHR seemed to be the more important contributing factor (table 3) however, when using a cubic and the power of 4 the accuracy began to increase and it became apparent that the BMI was quite considerably the more influential of the two factors (BMI = 11. 3% and WHR = 9. 8%). This is supported by other research; however, there are many other contributing factors such as, age, culture and eating disorders, which need further investigation. References Morris, A. et al (1989). The changing shape of female fashion Models. Journal of Eating Disorders. 8: 593-596. Singh, D. (1994) Ideal female Body Shape: The role of body weight and Waist-to-Hip Ratio. Journal of Eating Disorders 16:283-288. Singh, D. (1994) Is thin really beautiful and good? Relationship between Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and female attractiveness. Personal and Individual Differences 16: 123-132 Tovee, M. J. Cornelissen, P. L (1999). The mystery of Female beauty Journal of Nature 399, 215-216

The organisational change of a packaged manufacturing company of Essay

The organisational change of a packaged manufacturing company of Australia named Amcor - Essay Example The paper tells that in present day’s dynamic and competitive business context, organisations need to adjust with the fluctuating environmental situations by constantly introducing changes so that they can stay competitive and cost-effective. Substantial transformations take place when an organisation carry out changes, for instance, apply new technology, develop union, make acquisition, reduce tasks, reorganise operations, or introduce new programs. Organisational changes are generally encouraged by a requirement to maintain or develop organisations’ efficiency. The efficiency relates to the organisations’ capability to utilise resources competently, to accomplish immediate objectives as well as to embrace the prerequisite to changing business condition. Thus, organisational changes help organisations to stay competent for longer period of time. According to Ackerman, there are three kinds of organisational change which are developmental change, transitional cha nge and transformational change. Developmental change refers to the change for augmenting and developing the present situation of an organisation. It often emphasises on developing the abilities and the procedures. The transitional change denotes shifting from present condition to anticipated condition where provisional shift happens over an organised time period. The transformational change is fundamental in nature and necessitates an alteration in expectations on the part of organisation and the employees. (Ramanathan, 2009). Organisational Development Organisational development is a procedure and activity which helps to bring transformations and accomplish greater efficiencies such as augmented financial performance, improved customer satisfaction and better employee participation among others. The focus of organisational development is to assess the present functioning of organisation and accomplish the objectives by increasing the ability. Organisational change is a wider conce ption than organisational development and can be used in managing the organisational transformation (Cummings & Worley, 2008). The nature of change in Amcor is developmental change because it had applied change across numerous locations, divisions and business units in order to develop the safety measures and improve the performance through reduction of time and cost. Amcor had used the constant improvement approach of change which empowers the employees to lead towards alteration from bottom-up stage. The strategic objective of change for Amcor is to maintain accountability in packaging experience (Manufacturing Skills, 2007). Context and Background Amcor is a manufacturing organisation based in Melbourne (Australia), which produces varieties of plastic, string, copper and glass wrapping products and delivers packaging oriented services. Its business has spread in 24 nations and almost half of the income is derived from outside of Australia. It is known as one of the most significa nt organisations on the basis of market capitalisation, sales and profit in the international market (Charles Sturt University, 2011). With the increased competition in the global market, Amcor had faced the challenges of high raw material price and the need for improving customer and market competences. These aspects had resulted in the requirement of organisational change in Amcor. Amcor operates in a progressively competitive business environment where only the fittest and capable organisation can survive and prosper. Thus, in order to survive in the market, Amcor had transformed the organisational culture and behaviour by implementing lean manufacturing in their

Critique essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critique - Essay Example After perusing her points and arguments, one may be left scratching one’s head because the author appears out of touch. Here is the idea: Ms. Ehrenreich has painted two pictures, that of a man and a woman. In her depictions, the man is aggressive, go-getter, tough and brazen. One could hardly dispute that since men do tend to be boisterous, insensitive, loud and forceful. But there is something wrong about the way women were articulated in the article. Essentially, the writer was admonishing women to toughen up: that being tough is the most important lesson she and most women should learn from men. To rationalize this she cited many arguments that - in the process - depicted an idea of women from the author’s perspective. She first used a personal experience as an example. In a convention, she met a prestigious professor who invited her to his room. The invitation was supposed to be for the purpose of meeting of the minds or something to that effect. Ms. Ehrenreich obli ged, so she found herself with the professor in his room - in a conversation that turned out to be more than intelligent discourse. The man made several passes and sexual innuendos. From a simple and rigid perspective, the conclusion one would get would be, of course, repulsion. The author was properly disgusted, as the professor grew more and more lecherous by the minute. But there is more than what meets the eye in this situation. When a man - who is still virtually a stranger - invites a woman to his room, there is some sexual undertone to that gesture. It is going to be an intellectual discourse, so why not a more casual setting like a cafe or the bar? The room is an intimate place and the invitation should already hint something more than simply â€Å"meeting of the minds†. If Ms. Ehrenreich has helpfully provided the exact invitation, her readers might have no difficulty identifying it as a pick up line. The author accepted, so in principle she is accommodating the init ial overtures. And to think that she still stayed for 20 minutes. She must have perplexed the professor immensely. It is very difficult not to think about the author as naive and that is saying something because she stated that she is already thirty years old. She actually blushed while recounting the episode. Later in her article, Ehrenreich would claim that â€Å"we (women) tend to assume that it is our responsibility to keep everything â€Å"nice†. Unfortunately, she did not provide factual basis or empirical evidence to back this claim. But the question begs to be asked: Is it really the case? That women assume that role? It is perhaps part of her argument that women are trained to be ladylike all their lives. She defined â€Å"ladylikeness† as a persistent servility masked as â€Å"niceness†. One is hard pressed to disagree with this point. It is unfair to claim that this is the case in the American society when women are accepted across all positions and roles that are unladylike in the author’s book. There are women in the police force, in the army, in politics. There are female CEOs who most assuredly have climbed the corporate ladder not by being ladylike. It is also unfair to claim that American women are weak and that they need to toughen up. It is not uncommon for women to be aggressive these days, to be ambitious and to get and do what they want. Gender equality has been institutionalized in America. Even a sexually

Communication and Conflict Chapter 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communication and Conflict Chapter 6 - Essay Example Second principle is that each discrete emotion serves different functions; they help us organize perception, cognitions, and actions in order to pursue attempts to cope and create. In this regard, different emotions assist us in accomplishing different tasks in resolving conflicts. Third principle is that significant personal situations are those that trigger organized patterns of emotions. In short, emotions happen in an organized manner, with one emotion regulating other emotions. Emotions interact with each other in coherent ways; this is how persons can address their conflicts, even though conflicts are highly complex and may be confusing. Emotions create an orderly response to conflicts. Fourth principle is that people develop emotion-behavior patterns as children, and build on them as they grow and mature. For instance, the crying jags of toddlers adjust to more restrained behaviours as one grows older. The fifth principle is that individual personalities are built upon blocks of emotion-behaviour patterns, and lastly, emotions trigger difficult behaviour in response to certain triggers. One misconception about emotion is that it is a hindrance to resolving conflicts. For many people, emotions are thought to be irrational, uncontrollable, and will tend to escalate they remain unexpressed. The tendency therefore is for people (who believe that emotions are a hindrance) to ignore their emotions; emotions are seen as a negative thing, a sign of weakness, and should not be expressed at work. Emotional people are thought to be out of control, so it is important to try to justify feelings logically so that they could be put in control. Many times, the expression of emotions are thought to be a burden to the listeners, so our modern rational culture tells us not to express emotions, or to avoid those who do. Moreso even, mature, well-adjusted people are misconceived to be

Social Theories of Education

Social Theories of Education This thinking paper will examine Brookfields critique of the above article, examining what is critical about critical theory and in turn critical theorys analysis to the repositioning of that Ideology. Establishing that Ideology is a key concept in Critical Theory, Brookfields further interpretations extended to the thoughts of leaders in the field to identify and oppose the Ideological forces and social processes that oppresses them. Recognising the art of manipulation the dominant ideology can use, at the same time identifying contradictions that produce possibilities for resistance and emancipation, to break free from unequal structures in order to create a more inclusive democracy. Brookfield believes Marxs Capitalist and Bureaucratic Rationalities acted as a catalyst to revolutionise social change Marx underpinned the intent of critical theory to act as a catalyst for revolutionary social change.  (Brookfield, 2001) and how dominant relationships that existed played a role in the reproduction or fostering by the ruling class, of the social structures and education of people to believe and act in certain ways, thus fundamentally conditioning of the human consciousnesss. People did not know why they were doing it but they did it anyway! Brookfield continued to interpret the writings of Horkheimer identifying his rudiments of critical theory, focussing to abolish the exchange economy of capitalism that dominates social processes, in order to set some people free from oppression and reframe itself to formalised or subjective reasoning, of what he considers to be Traditional Theory.   Horkheimer suggest that as soon as a particular thought or a way of doing something has been suggested by the powers that be, we forget thinking for ourselves and lose our capacity to reason. Eagletons view that Ideologies are not false but are conditions that continue to gain acceptance because individuals recognise them as being true, from their experiences. Thus engaging with their needs and requirements that they already possess. If we believe we must not grumble, shrug our shoulders and get on with it, then the majority principle of the system is safe. Eagleton quotes: The study of Ideology is among other things an inquiry into the ways in whichpeople maycometoinvestintheirownunhappiness(Brookfield, 2001) Brookfield acknowledged a deeper understanding of Ideology with the use of empirical writings in Althussers essay Ideology and Ideology State Apparatuses in which two types of socialisation agencies evolved Repressive State Apparatuses (such as Police, Military, Prison Guards and Teachers) and Ideological State Apparatuses (such as Family, Church, Educational Systems, Media and Politics.) which exist mainly in civil societies but being controlled by the Repressive State Apparatuses. With this in mind, one does not operate without the other exercising Hegemony. For example, the Educational System. In contrast to Marx, Althusser suggests People did know why they were doing it but they did it anyway! Lastly, through Brookfield interpretations Gramscis concept of Hegemony was explored. He identified how adult learners, on entry into and currently in education, are active participants of prior knowledge, beliefs, experiences and values. Thus possessing their own Ideologies and willing in their own oppression. Adult Educators persuade to challenge dominant Ideologies that are exercised through the art of manipulation, the all persuasive nature of negotiation, powerful yet adaptable but still remaining in place. Hegemony emphasises the way people learn to embrace willingly beliefs and practices. These practices that work against their own best interests and the interests of others who have power over us. It also allows for the possibility of opposing elements emerging, of counter hegemony. We do this as adult learners when we negotiate extensions for assessments.

Essay --

Shakespeare at Othello, used only three female characters in his play, Desdemona, Emilia, and Bianca. Along with the play, Bianca’s boyfriend, Cassio, did not respect her enough to marry her, so he did not get jealous or treat her badly. Opposing to Othello and Iago, they respected Emelia and Desdemona enough to marry them, so jealousy pushed them to treat their wives badly. But on both cases Desdemona, Bianca, and Emelia still share the fact that they are victims and tools for those whom they loved the most. Firstly, Bianca’s boyfriend did not get jealous on her because she was not his wife, so he did not find a reason to treat his prostitute badly. Cassio was almost afraid to hurt Bianca’s feelings during the play. He used to act in front of her that he cares. A good evidence about this is when she shows up while he is waiting for Desdemona to bring him good news from Othello about bringing him back to work. He was not happy to see her. Once he saw her he said, "What make you from home?"(3.1), but after he says this, he recognize that he should not be so rude with her, so he tells her a nice lie, "How is it with you, my most fair Bianca? / I' faith, sweet love, I was coming to your house" (3.4). She answers, "And I was going to your lodging, Cassio. / What, keep a week away? seven days and nights?" (3.4). One equally important evidence shows how Cassio respected her feelings, is that he had never insulted her personally, yet he did it behind her back. When Bianca comes in after Cassio and Iago were talking, Cassio says, "'Tis such another fitchew! marry a perfumed one" (4.1). The word "fitchew" means â€Å"a polecat†, which means a bad smell that is known for people as excessively stink. The phrase "'Tis such another" shows how Cassi... ...did give my husband; /For often with a solemn earnestness /More than indeed belonged to such a trifle/ He begged of me to steal’t. (5.2). Emelia was nothing but a tool for Iago, he manages to kill her once she says the truth without appreciating what she has done to him all over her life. In conclusion, females’ position in Othello, clarifies that unmarried women would have a higher level of respect from the men they love because there is no jealousy nor commitments, or in other words, they do not care enough about them, but they only care about what they take from them, which is sex. Unlike married women, who were respected enough to be married from men, but jealousy turns their relationship into a life where respect does not take a place. Though, In all cases women are subjected to be victims and tools to men who do not appreciate their love and caring enough.